ꯍꯨꯌꯥꯡꯍꯨꯌꯥ ꯖꯤꯅꯍꯦ ꯍꯥꯔꯗꯋꯦꯌꯔ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯗꯛꯇꯁ ꯀꯣꯡ, ꯂꯤꯃꯤꯇꯦꯗ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥꯗꯥ ꯈ꯭ꯕꯥꯏꯗꯒꯤ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯐꯦꯁ꯭ꯅꯦꯜ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯀꯁ꯭ꯇꯃꯔ ꯁꯔꯕꯤꯁꯁꯨ ꯁꯄꯣꯔꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯐꯝ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥꯗꯥ ꯁꯥꯕꯥ ꯁꯦꯟꯗꯣꯡ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯋꯥꯏꯔ ꯃꯦꯁ ꯂꯧꯕꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯒꯤ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯔꯤ ꯁꯦꯝꯄꯜ ꯂꯧꯕꯗꯥ ꯇꯔꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯑꯣꯀꯆꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯒꯨꯟ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯀꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯂꯦꯝꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯂꯤ꯫
ꯋꯥꯔꯣꯜ
ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯋꯥꯏꯔ ꯃꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯀꯣꯔ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯈꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯈꯥ ꯄꯣꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯍꯥꯌꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤ ꯁꯤꯅꯥꯔꯤꯑꯣꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯨꯡ ꯏꯟꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ, ꯃꯁꯤꯗꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ, ꯄꯔꯐꯣꯃꯦꯟꯁ, ꯁꯔꯐꯦꯁ ꯇ꯭ꯔꯤꯠꯃꯦꯟꯇ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯟ ꯇꯣꯂꯔꯦꯟꯁꯁꯤꯡ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯔꯤ꯫ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯈꯣꯌꯕꯨ ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯃꯔꯣꯂꯗꯥ ꯈꯉꯍꯅꯒꯅꯤ:
ꯋꯥꯏꯔ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯃꯤꯇꯔ: ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯏꯔ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯃꯤꯇꯔꯒꯤ ꯔꯦꯟꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ 0.3mm - 6.0mm ꯑꯣꯏ꯫ 0.3 - 1.0mmꯒꯤ ꯐꯥꯏꯅꯦꯜ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯔꯤꯅꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯗꯦꯀꯣꯔꯦꯁꯅꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ, ꯑꯗꯨꯒꯥ 1.0 - 3.0mmꯒꯤ ꯀꯣꯔꯁ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯠꯔꯤꯛ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯀꯟꯁꯠꯔꯛꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯑꯦꯛꯕꯥꯀꯂꯆꯔꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ 3.0mm ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯑꯀꯪꯕꯥ ꯗꯥꯏꯑꯦꯃꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯉꯥꯀꯊꯣꯀꯄꯥ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯐꯦꯟꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯩ;
ꯃꯦꯁ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ: ꯀꯩꯊꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯕꯥꯔ ꯍꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯍꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯥꯌꯗꯣꯀꯏ꯫ ꯀꯔꯤꯒꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯌꯨꯖꯔꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯑꯈꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯂꯩꯔꯕꯗꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯟꯗ ꯍꯣꯂꯁꯤꯡꯁꯨ ꯃꯁꯥꯅꯥ ꯁꯦꯃꯖꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯛꯕꯥꯔ ꯍꯣꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ 0.5mm×0.5mm - 200mm×200mmꯅꯤ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯀꯃꯟ ꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯔꯦꯛꯇꯟꯖꯦꯜ ꯍꯣꯜ ꯁꯥꯏꯖ ꯑꯁꯤ (10 - 50mm)×(20 - 100mm);
ꯃꯦꯁ ꯄꯦꯅꯦꯂꯒꯤ ꯗꯥꯏꯃꯦꯟꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡ: ꯄꯥꯛ ꯆꯥꯎꯕꯥ 0.5m - 5.0m, ꯂꯝꯕꯤ 5m - 100m;
ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯋꯥꯏꯔ ꯃꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯈꯉꯍꯅꯕꯥ꯫
ꯑꯀꯨꯞꯄꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯦꯁꯤꯐꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯛꯇꯥ, ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯋꯥꯏꯔ ꯃꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯁꯨ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤꯗꯃꯛꯇꯥ ꯑꯆꯧꯕꯥ ꯋꯥꯐꯝ ꯑꯃꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯃꯦꯀꯥꯅꯤꯀꯦꯜ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯄꯔꯇꯤꯁꯤꯡꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯕꯨ ꯂꯝ ꯀꯌꯥꯗꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯍꯅꯕꯇꯥ ꯅꯠꯇꯅꯥ ꯁꯥꯡꯂꯕꯥ ꯁꯔꯚꯤꯁ ꯂꯥꯏꯐ ꯑꯃꯁꯨ ꯄꯤꯔꯤ꯫
ꯔꯣ ꯃꯦꯇꯔꯤꯌꯦꯂꯁꯤꯡ꯫
0.12% - 0.20%ꯒꯤ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯀꯟꯇꯦꯟꯇ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯂꯣ ꯀꯥꯔꯕꯣꯟ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ, ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯁꯤꯅꯦꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ;
01
ꯇꯦꯟꯁꯥꯏꯂꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ꯫
꯳꯰꯰ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦ.{{꯱}}ꯑꯦꯝ.ꯄꯤ.ꯑꯦ. ꯑꯋꯥꯡꯕꯥ-ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯦꯞꯂꯤꯀꯦꯁꯅꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯀꯣꯜꯗ ꯗ꯭ꯔꯣꯏꯪꯒꯤ ꯈꯨꯠꯊꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ ꯑꯗꯨ 500MPa - 700MPa ꯐꯥꯎꯕꯥ ꯍꯦꯅꯒꯠꯍꯅꯕꯥ ꯌꯥꯏ꯫
02
ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯄꯥꯉ꯭ꯒꯜ꯫
Q195 ꯌꯤꯜꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯡꯊ 195MPaꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ, Q235 ꯌꯤꯜꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯡꯊ 235MPaꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯅꯥ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯦꯁ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯠꯔꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯈꯥꯗꯥ ꯐꯖꯅꯥ ꯗꯤꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯃꯍꯜꯂꯤ;
03
ꯏꯂꯣꯡꯒꯦꯁꯟ ꯇꯧꯕꯥ꯫
ꯏꯂꯣꯡꯁꯟ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯋꯥꯡꯈꯠꯂꯕꯗꯤ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯂꯒꯤ ꯋꯥꯏꯔꯄꯀꯤ ꯐ꯭ꯂꯦꯛꯁꯤꯕꯤꯂꯤꯇꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯐꯩ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯦꯁ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯕꯒꯤ ꯆꯥꯡ ꯍꯟꯊꯩ꯫ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯗꯔꯗ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯋꯥꯌꯥꯔ ꯃꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯑꯣꯏꯅꯗꯤ, ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ 15% - 25%ꯗꯒꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯥ ꯃꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯏꯂꯣꯡꯁꯟ ꯑꯃꯥ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯏ꯫
04
ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯋꯥꯌꯥꯔ ꯃꯦꯁꯇꯥ ꯁꯤꯖꯤꯟꯅꯔꯤꯕꯥ ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯟ-ꯇꯣꯉꯥꯅꯕꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯁꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯃꯔꯛꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯕꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯕꯥ꯫
ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯋꯥꯏꯔ ꯃꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯃꯔꯨꯑꯣꯏꯕꯥ ꯀꯥꯟꯅꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯐꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯔꯦꯁꯤꯁ꯭ꯇꯦꯟꯁ ꯑꯁꯤꯅꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯅꯥ ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯊꯧꯑꯣꯡ ꯑꯁꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯇꯣꯈꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯄꯨꯊꯣꯀꯄꯒꯤ ꯃꯇꯃꯗꯥ, ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣ-ꯒꯦꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯍꯣꯠ-ꯗꯤꯞ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖꯤꯡ ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯑꯅꯤꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯄꯦꯔꯥꯃꯤꯇꯔꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯈꯦꯠꯅꯩ꯫
• ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ: ꯱.ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣ-ꯒꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ 5μm - 15μm ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠꯀꯤ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ 10g/m00 - 20g/m; ꯍꯣꯠ-ꯗꯤꯞ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯂꯨꯝꯃꯤ, ꯃꯁꯤꯒꯤ ꯑꯁꯥꯡꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ 30μm - 120μm ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯠ ꯑꯔꯨꯝꯕꯥ ꯑꯁꯤ 20g/m00 - 265g/20ꯅꯤ꯫ ꯑꯀꯅꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡꯁꯤꯡ ꯑꯁꯤ 300g/million ꯍꯦꯟꯅꯥ ꯌꯧꯕꯥ ꯉꯝꯃꯤ꯫
• ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁꯟ: ꯱.ꯍꯣꯠ-ꯗꯤꯞ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯀꯤ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯦꯗꯖꯦꯁꯟ ꯑꯁꯤ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣ-ꯒꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖꯤꯡ ꯄ꯭ꯔꯣꯁꯦꯁꯇꯒꯤ ꯌꯥꯝꯅꯥ ꯍꯦꯜꯂꯤ꯫ ꯄꯣꯠꯊꯣꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤꯗꯒꯤ ꯊꯣꯛꯂꯛꯠꯔꯤꯉꯩ ꯃꯃꯥꯡꯗꯥ ꯑꯩꯈꯣꯌꯅꯥ ꯃꯗꯨ ꯕꯦꯟꯗꯤꯡ ꯇꯧꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯒꯅꯤ꯫ ꯗꯤꯒ꯭ꯔꯤ 180ꯗꯥ ꯀꯨꯄꯁꯤꯜꯂꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯖꯤꯉ꯭ꯛ ꯂꯦꯌꯥꯔ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯆꯦꯟꯊꯈꯤꯗꯦ ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯈꯣꯡꯒꯤ ꯐꯤꯚꯝ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯂꯩꯇꯦ꯫ ꯏꯂꯦꯛꯠꯔꯣ-ꯒꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯂꯦꯌꯔ ꯑꯗꯨꯅꯥ ꯁꯣꯜꯇ ꯁ꯭ꯞꯔꯦ ꯇꯦꯁ꯭ꯠ ꯇꯧꯔꯕꯥ ꯃꯇꯨꯡꯗꯥ ꯃꯌꯦꯛ ꯁꯦꯡꯕꯥ ꯀꯣꯔꯣꯁꯤꯟ ꯂꯩꯇꯕꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯥ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯁꯣꯌꯗꯅꯥ ꯐꯪꯍꯅꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
• ꯃꯑꯣꯡ ꯃꯇꯧꯒꯤ ꯃꯊꯧ ꯇꯥꯕꯁꯤꯡ: ꯱.ꯀꯣꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯌꯨꯅꯤꯐꯣꯔꯝ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ, ꯄ꯭ꯂꯦꯇꯤꯡ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯑꯣꯗꯕꯥ, ꯕ꯭ꯂꯦꯛ ꯁ꯭ꯄꯣꯠ, ꯕꯕꯜ, ꯅꯠꯠꯔꯒꯥ ꯕꯨꯔꯔ ꯑꯃꯠꯇꯥ ꯌꯥꯎꯗꯅꯥ, ꯑꯃꯁꯨꯡ ꯃꯊꯛ ꯑꯗꯨ ꯂꯨꯄꯥꯒꯤ-ꯋꯥꯏꯠ ꯑꯣꯏꯒꯗꯕꯅꯤ꯫
ꯐꯣꯇꯣꯁꯤꯡ꯫
ꯍꯠ ꯇꯦꯒꯁ: ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯋꯥꯏꯔ ꯃꯦꯁ, ꯆꯥꯏꯅꯥ ꯒ꯭ꯌꯥꯂꯚꯥꯅꯥꯏꯖꯗ ꯁ꯭ꯇꯤꯜ ꯋꯥꯏꯔ ꯃꯦꯁ ꯃꯦꯟꯌꯨꯐꯦꯀꯆꯔꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯁꯞꯂꯥꯏꯌꯔꯁꯤꯡ, ꯐꯦꯛꯇꯔꯤ꯫
